|
In
2008, under the leadership of the
CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the people of all
nationalities of China, taking as the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory
and the important thought of “Three Represents”, implemented
earnestly the scientific approach to the economic and social
development, they united as one with indomitable spirit to fight against
the grief natural disasters and international financial crisis, national
economy kept fast growth and all social undertakings achieved new
progress.
I.
General Outlook
In
2008, the gross domestic product (GDP) of the year was 30,067.0 billion
yuan, up by 9.0 percent over the previous year. Analyzed by different
industries, the value added of the primary industry was 3,400.0 billion
yuan, up by 5.5 percent, that of the secondary industry was 14,618.3
billion yuan, up by 9.3 percent and the tertiary industry was 12,048.7
billion yuan, up by 9.5 percent. The value added of the primary industry
accounted for 11.3 percent of the GDP, up by 0.2 percentage point over
that in the pervious year, that of the secondary industry accounted for
48.6 percent, up by 0.1 percentage point, and that of the tertiary
industry accounted for 40.1 percent, down by 0.3 percentage point.
The
general level of
consumer prices in China was up by 5.9 percent over the previous year.
Of this total, the prices for food went up by 14.3 percent. The
prices for investment in fixed assets were up by 8.9 percent. The
producer prices for manufactured goods increased by 6.9 percent, of
which, the prices for means of production increased by 7.7 percent, and
for means of subsistence grew by 4.1 percent. The purchasing
prices for raw materials, fuels and power went up by 10.5 percent. The
producer prices for farm products were up by 14.1 percent. The prices
for means of agricultural production were up by 20.3 percent. The sales
prices for housing in 70 large and medium-sized cities were up by 6.5
percent, of which, that for new residential buildings went up by 7.1
percent, for second hand housing grew by 6.2 percent, and the prices for
rental and leasing were up by 1.4 percent.
Table
1: General Level of Consumer Prices in 2008
Unit:
%
Item
|
National
Average
|
|
Urban
|
Rural
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General
level of consumer prices
|
5.9
|
5.6
|
6.5
|
|
Food
|
14.3
|
14.5
|
14.0
|
|
Of Which: Grain
|
7.0
|
7.2
|
6.7
|
|
Meat, poultry and related products
|
21.7
|
22.6
|
20.0
|
|
Oil
|
25.4
|
24.9
|
25.9
|
|
Fresh eggs
|
3.7
|
3.8
|
3.6
|
|
Fresh vegetables
|
10.7
|
10.5
|
11.3
|
|
Fresh fruits
|
9.0
|
8.9
|
9.3
|
|
Tobaccos and alcohols
|
2.9
|
3.1
|
2.6
|
|
Clothing
|
-1.5
|
-1.8
|
-0.6
|
|
Household appliances and services
|
2.8
|
3.0
|
2.4
|
|
Medical, health and personal articles
|
2.9
|
2.8
|
3.2
|
|
Transportation and telecommunications
|
-0.9
|
-1.6
|
0.7
|
|
Recreational, educational, cultural articles and services
|
-0.7
|
-0.9
|
-0.1
|
|
Housing
|
5.5
|
4.3
|
8.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
At
the end of 2008, the total of employed people in China numbered 774.80
million, 4.90 million more than that of 2007. Of this total, 302.10
million were employed in urban areas, a net increase of 8.60 million, a
newly increase of 11.13 million. The urban unemployment rate through
unemployment registration was 4.2 percent at the end of 2008, an
increase of 0.2 percentage point over that of 2007.
At
the end of 2008, China’s foreign exchange reserves reached 1,946.0
billion US dollars, an increase of 417.8 billion US dollars as compared
with that at the end of the pervious year. At the end of the year, the
exchange rate was 6.8346 RMB to 1 USD, an appreciation by 6.9 percent
over that at the end of 2007.
The
taxes collected in the whole year reached 5,786.2 billion yuan
(excluding tariffs, farm land taxes and deed taxes), up by 17.0 percent
or an increase of 841.3 billion yuan over 2007.
II.
Agriculture
In
2008, the sown area of grain was 106.70 million hectares, an increase of
1.06 million hectares as compared with that in the previous year; the
sown area of cotton was 5.76 million hectares, a decline of 170 thousand
hectares; the sown area of oil-bearing crops was 12.71 million hectares,
an increase of 1.39 million hectares; the sown area of sugar crops was
1.93 million hectares, an increase of 130 thousand hectares.
The
total output of grain in 2008 was 528.50 million tons, an increase of
26.90 million tons or up by 5.4 percent over the previous year. Of this
total, the output of summer crops was 120.41 million tons, up by 2.6
percent, and that of the early rice was 31.58 million tons, maintaining
the same level of the previous year. The output of autumn grain was
376.51 million tons, an increase of 6.7 percent.
In
2008, the output of cotton was 7.50 million tons, a decrease of 1.6
percent over the previous year, that of oil-bearing crops was 29.50
million tons, up by 14.8 percent and that of sugar crops was 130.00
million tons, an increase of 6.7 percent, that of tobacco was 2.60
million tons, up by 19.6 percent, and that of tea was 1.24 million tons,
up by 6.4 percent.
The
total output of meat for the year reached 72.69 million tons, up by 5.9
percent. Of this total, the output of pork was 46.15 million tons, up by
7.6 percent, and that of beef and mutton was 6.10 and 3.76 million tons,
down by 0.5 percent and 1.8 percent respectively. At the end of the
year, 462.64 million pigs are registered in the total stocks, up by 5.2
percent, and 609.60 million pigs are slaughtered, up by 7.9 percent. The
production of milk was 36.51 million tons, up by 3.6 percent; the total
output of eggs was 26.38 million tons, up by 4.3 percent.
The
total output of aquatic products was 48.95 million tons, up by 3.1
percent. Of this total, the output of cultured aquatic products was
34.26 million tons, up by 4.5 percent; and that of fished aquatic
products was 14.69 million tons, maintaining the same level of the
previous year.
The
total production of timber for the year 2008 reached 78.94 million cubic
meters, an increase of 13.2 percent.
Over
1.179 million hectares of farmland was increased with effective
irrigation systems and another additional 1.390 million hectares of
farmland was guaranteed by water-saving irrigation systems.
III.
Industry and Construction
In
2008, the total value added of the industrial sector was 12,911.2
billion yuan, up by 9.5 percent
over the previous year. The value added of industrial enterprises above
the designated size was up by 12.9 percent. Of this total, that of the
state-owned and state-holding enterprises grew by 9.1 percent, that of
the collective enterprises went up by 8.1 percent, that of the
share-holding enterprises increased by 15.0 percent, that of the
enterprises by foreign investors and investors from Hong Kong, Macao and
Taiwan soared by 9.9 percent and 20.4 percent growth for private
enterprises. Analyzed by light and heavy industries, the growth of the
light industry was 12.3 percent and that of the heavy industry was 13.2
percent.
In
2008, of the industrial enterprises above designated size, the growth of
value added for the mining and washing of coal industry was 19.1 percent
over the previous year, for the extraction of petroleum and natural gas
was 6.1 percent, for culture and education, sporting goods manufacturing
industry 18.2 percent, for gas production and supply industry 26.8
percent, for processing of food from agricultural product 15.0 percent,
for manufacture of general machinery 16.9 percent, for manufacture of
transport equipment 15.2 percent, for manufacture of communication
equipment, computers and other electronic equipment 12.0 percent and for
manufacture of electrical machinery and equipment 18.1 percent, for
chemical fiber manufacturing industry 2.2 percent. The growth of the
value added for the major six high energy consuming industries were 10.0
percent, of which, that of the manufacture of non-metallic mineral
products was 16.9 percent, smelting and pressing of ferrous metals 8.2
percent, manufacture of raw chemical materials and chemical products
10.0 percent, smelting and pressing of non-ferrous metals 12.3 percent,
production and supply of electric power and heat power 8.6 percent and
4.3 percent for processing of petroleum, coking, processing of nuclear
fuel. The value added growth for the high-tech industry was 14.0 percent
over the previous year.
Table
2: Output of Major Industrial Products and the Growth Rates in 2008
|
Product
|
Unit
|
Output
|
Increase
over
2007
(%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yarn
|
10000
tons
|
2148.9
|
3.9
|
|
Cloth
|
100
million meters
|
710.0
|
5.1
|
|
Chemical
fibers
|
10000
tons
|
2415.0
|
0.1
|
|
Sugar
(final product)
|
10000
tons
|
1449.5
|
14.0
|
|
Cigarettes
|
100
million
|
22198.8
|
3.5
|
|
Color
TV sets
|
10000
|
9033.1
|
6.5
|
|
Household
refrigerators
|
10000
|
4756.9
|
8.2
|
|
Room
air conditioners
|
10000
|
8230.9
|
2.7
|
|
Total
primary energy production
|
100
million tons of
standard
coal equivalent
|
26.0
|
5.2
|
|
Coal
|
100
million tons
|
27.93
|
4.1
|
|
Crude
oil
|
100
million tons
|
1.90
|
2.2
|
|
Natural
gas
|
100
million cubic meters
|
760.8
|
9.9
|
|
Electricity
|
100
million kilowatt-hours
|
34668.8
|
5.6
|
|
Of which: Thermal-power
|
100
million kilowatt-hours
|
27900.8
|
2.5
|
|
Hydro-power
|
100
million kilowatt-hours
|
5851.9
|
20.6
|
|
Crude
steel
|
10000
tons
|
50091.5
|
2.4
|
|
Rolled
steel
|
10000
tons
|
58488.1
|
3.4
|
|
Ten
kinds of nonferrous metals
|
10000
tons
|
2520.3
|
5.9
|
|
Of
which: Refined copper (copper)
|
10000
tons
|
378.9
|
10.1
|
|
Aluminum electrolyze
|
10000
tons
|
1317.6
|
6.8
|
|
Aluminum
oxide
|
10000
tons
|
2278.2
|
17.0
|
|
Cement
|
100
million tons
|
14.0
|
2.9
|
|
Sulfuric
acid
|
10000
tons
|
5132.7
|
-5.2
|
|
Soda
ash
|
10000
tons
|
1881.3
|
6.6
|
|
Caustic
soda
|
10000
tons
|
1852.1
|
5.3
|
|
Ethylene
|
10000
tons
|
998.3
|
-2.9
|
|
Chemical
fertilizers
(100 percent equivalent)
|
10000
tons
|
6012.7
|
3.2
|
|
Power-generating
equipment
|
10000
kilowatts
|
13319.4
|
2.5
|
|
Motor
vehicles
|
10000
|
934.55
|
5.1
|
|
Of which: Cars
|
10000
|
503.7
|
5.0
|
|
Large
& medium tractors
|
10000
|
21.7
|
6.9
|
|
Integrated
circuits
|
100
million pieces
|
417.1
|
1.3
|
|
Program-controlled
switchboards
|
10000
lines
|
4584.0
|
-14.9
|
|
Mobile
telephones
|
10000
|
55964.0
|
2.0
|
|
Micro-computers
|
10000
|
13666.6
|
13.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
The profits made by the industrial enterprises above the designated size
in the first 11 months of 2008 were 2,406.6 billion yuan, an increase of
4.9 percent over the same period of last year.
Table
3: Profits and Growth of Industrial Enterprises above the Designated
Size in the First Eleven Months of 2008
Unit:
100 million yuan
|
Item
|
Total
Profits
|
Increase
over same period last year (%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Industrial
enterprises above designated size
|
24066
|
4.9
|
|
Of which: State-owned and state-holding
enterprises
|
7985
|
-14.5
|
|
Of which: Collective enterprises
|
687
|
29.5
|
|
Share-holding enterprises
|
13467
|
11.4
|
|
Enterprises by foreign investors or
investors
from Hong Kong, Macao
and
Taiwan
|
6374
|
-3.1
|
|
Of which: Private enterprises
|
5495
|
36.6
|
|
|
|
|
In
2008, the value added of construction enterprises in China was 1,707.1
billion yuan, up by 7.1 percent over the previous year. The profits made
by construction enterprises qualified for general contracts and
specialized contracts reached 175.6
billion yuan, up by 12.5 percent, of which the profits made by the
state-owned and state-holding enterprises were 50.9 billion yuan, up by
21.8 percent. Their paid taxes were 205.8 billion yuan, up by 20.0
percent, of which the taxes paid by the state-owned and state-holding
enterprises were 77.1 billion yuan, up by 24.7 percent.
IV.
Investment in Fixed Assets
The
completed investment in fixed assets of the country in 2008 was 17,229.1
billion yuan, up by 25.5 percent over the previous year. Of the total
investment, that in urban areas was 14,816.7 billon yuan, up by 26.1
percent; and that in rural areas reached 2,412.4 billion yuan, up by
21.5 percent. An analysis by regions showed that the investment in east
areas was 8,741.2 billion yuan, up by 20.9 percent over the previous
year, in central areas was 4,538.4 billion yuan, a growth of 32.6
percent, and in western areas 3,583.9 billion yuan, a growth of 26.9
percent.
In
the urban areas, the investment in the primary industry was 225.6
billion yuan, up by 54.5 percent; that in the secondary industry was
6,503.6 billion yuan, up by 28.0 percent; and that in the tertiary
industry was 8,087.5 billion yuan, up by 24.1 percent.
Table
4: Fixed Assets Investment in Urban Areas and Its Growth by Sector in
2008
Unit:
100 million yuan
|
Sector
|
Investment
|
Increase
over 2007 (%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
148167
|
26.1
|
|
Agriculture,
Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishing
|
2256
|
54.5
|
|
Mining
|
6913
|
31.5
|
|
Of Which: Mining and Washing of Coal
|
2411
|
33.6
|
|
Extraction of Petroleum and Natural Gas
|
2715
|
22.0
|
|
Manufacturing
|
46345
|
30.6
|
|
Of Which: Processing of Food from Agricultural Products
|
2058
|
25.7
|
|
Manufacture of Foods
|
1137
|
17.8
|
|
Textile Industry
|
1534
|
1.3
|
|
Manufacture of Textiles, garments, shoes and hats
|
896
|
19.0
|
|
Processing of Petroleum, Coking, Processing Nuclear Fuel
|
1832
|
29.4
|
|
Manufacture of Raw Chemical Materials and Chemical
Products
|
4787
|
35.5
|
|
Manufacture of Non-Metallic Mineral Products
|
4113
|
46.6
|
|
Smelting and Pressing of Ferrous Metals
|
3240
|
23.8
|
|
Smelting and Pressing of Non-Ferrous Metals
|
1854
|
43.1
|
|
Manufacture of Metal Products
|
2189
|
38.5
|
|
Manufacture of General Machinery
|
3224
|
38.3
|
|
Manufacture of Special Purpose Machinery
|
2265
|
34.1
|
|
Manufacture of Transport Equipment
|
3787
|
39.1
|
|
Manufacture of Electric Machinery and Equipment
|
2334
|
45.1
|
|
Manufacture of Communication Equipment, Computers and
Other Electronic Equipment
|
2463
|
17.6
|
|
Production
and Supply of Electricity, Gas and Water
|
10484
|
15.4
|
|
Of Which: Production of Electric Power and Heat Power
|
9045
|
14.4
|
|
Construction
|
1294
|
30.4
|
|
Transport,
Storage and Post
|
15552
|
19.7
|
|
Information
Transmission, Computer Services and Software
|
2130
|
17.1
|
|
Wholesale
and Retail Trade
|
3166
|
29.2
|
|
Lodging
and Catering Services
|
1735
|
30.5
|
|
Banking
|
247
|
62.6
|
|
Real
Estate
|
35215
|
23.0
|
|
Leasing
and Business Services
|
1296
|
50.6
|
|
Scientific
Research, Technical Service and Geologic Prospecting
|
708
|
35.9
|
|
Water
Conservancy, Environment and Public Facilities Management
|
12262
|
32.2
|
|
Services
to Households and Other Services
|
316
|
34.2
|
|
Education
|
2355
|
6.0
|
|
Health,
Social Security and Social Welfare
|
1057
|
30.6
|
|
Culture,
Sports and Entertainment
|
1423
|
26.0
|
|
Public
Management and Social Organization
|
3411
|
23.2
|
|
|
|
|
Table
5: Newly Increased Production Capacity through Fixed Assets Investment
in 2008
|
Item
|
Unit
|
Volume
|
|
|
|
|
|
Newly
increased power generating capacity
|
10,000
kilowatts
|
9051
|
|
Power
transformer equipment with a capacity of over 220 kilovolts
|
10,000
kilovolt-amperes
|
23222
|
|
New
railways put into operation
|
Kilometer
|
1719
|
|
Double-track
railways put into operation
|
Kilometer
|
1935
|
|
Electrified
railways put into operation
|
Kilometer
|
1955
|
|
New
highways
|
Kilometer
|
99851
|
|
Of
which: Expressways
|
Kilometer
|
6433
|
|
New
cargo-handling capacity of berths for over 10000-tonnage ships
|
10,000
tons
|
33099
|
|
New
lines of optical-fiber cables
|
10,000
km
|
99
|
|
New
capacity of digital cellular mobile phone switchboards
|
10,000
subscribers
|
28855
|
|
|
|
|
In 2008, the investment in real estate development was 3,058.0 billion
yuan, up by 20.9 percent. Of this total, the investment in eastern
regions was 1,832.5 billion yuan, up by 17.1 percent; that in central
China was 628.7 billion yuan, up by 31.7 percent, and that in western
regions was 596.7 billion yuan, up by 22.7 percent. Analyzed by
engineering purposes, the investment in commercial residential buildings
reached 2,208.1 billion yuan, an increase of 22.6 percent, that in
office buildings was 111.2 billion yuan, up by 7.4 percent, and that in
buildings for commercial business was 320.0 billion yuan, up by 14.9
percent.
Table
6: Main Indicators for Real Estate Development and Sales in 2008
|
Item
|
Unit
|
Volume
|
Increase
over 2007 (%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finished
Value of Investment
|
100
million yuan
|
30580
|
20.9
|
|
Of which: residential buildings
|
100
million yuan
|
22081
|
22.6
|
|
Of which: under 90 square meters
|
100
million yuan
|
6416
|
50.7
|
|
Of which: economic housing
|
100
million yuan
|
983
|
19.7
|
|
Floor
space of houses under construction
|
10000
square meters
|
274149
|
16.0
|
|
Of
which: residential buildings
|
10000
square meters
|
216671
|
16.0
|
|
Floor
space of houses newly started
|
10000
square meters
|
97574
|
2.3
|
|
Of which: residential buildings
|
10000
square meters
|
79889
|
1.4
|
|
Floor
space of houses completed
|
10000
square meters
|
58502
|
-3.5
|
|
Of
which: residential buildings
|
10000
square meters
|
47750
|
-4.2
|
|
Sales
of commercial buildings
|
10000
square meters
|
62089
|
-19.7
|
|
Of which: residential buildings
|
10000
square meters
|
55886
|
-20.3
|
|
Sources
of capital this year
|
100
million yuan
|
38146
|
1.8
|
|
Of which: domestic loans
|
100
million yuan
|
7257
|
3.4
|
|
Individual mortgage
|
100
million yuan
|
3573
|
-29.7
|
|
Land
space purchased this year
|
10000
square meters
|
36785
|
-8.6
|
|
Land
space developed this year
|
10000
square meters
|
26033
|
-5.6
|
|
Purchase
of land
|
100
million yuan
|
5795
|
10.9
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Domestic Trade
In
2008, the total retail sales of consumer goods reached 10,848.8 billion
yuan, up by 21.6 percent over the previous year. An analysis on
different areas showed that the retail sales of consumer goods in cities
reached 7,373.5 billion yuan, up by 22.1 percent and the retail sales of
consumer goods at and below county level was 3,475.3 billion yuan, up by
20.7 percent. Analyzed by different sectors, the sales of the wholesales
and retail trade reached 9,119.9 billion yuan, up 21.5 percent; the
sales of the lodging and catering industry was 1,540.4 billion yuan, up
24.7 percent, and the sales of the other industries was 188.5 billion
yuan, up 3.7 percent.
Of
the total retail sales by wholesale and retail enterprises above
designated size, the sales of grain and oil was up by 22.7 percent, meat
and eggs up by 22.3 percent, clothing up by 25.9 percent, motor vehicles
up by 25.3 percent, petroleum and related products up by 39.9 percent,
daily necessities up by 17.1 percent, cultural and office goods up by
17.9 percent, telecommunication equipment up by 1.4 percent, electric
and electronic appliances for household use and audio-video equipment up
by 14.2 percent, building and decoration materials up by 12.0 percent,
furniture up 22.6 percent, cosmetics up by 22.1 percent, gold, silver
and jewelry up by 38.6 percent and traditional Chinese drugs and western
drugs up by 14.8 percent.
VI.
Foreign Economic Relations
The
total value of imports and exports in 2008 reached 2,561.6 billion US
dollars, up 17.8 percent over the previous year. Of this total, the
value of exports was 1,428.5 billion US dollars, up 17.2 percent, and
the value of imports was 1,133.1 billion US dollars, up 18.5 percent.
China had a trade surplus (exports minus imports) of 295.5 billion US
dollars, an increase of 32.8 billion US dollars over the previous year.
Table
7: Total Value of Imports and Exports and the Growth Rates in 2008
Unit:
100 million USD
|
Item
|
Value
|
Increase
over 2007 (%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
imports and exports
|
25616
|
17.8
|
|
Exports
|
14285
|
17.2
|
|
Of
which: General trade
|
6626
|
22.9
|
|
Processing trade
|
6752
|
9.3
|
|
Of
which: Mechanical and electronic products
|
8229
|
17.3
|
|
High & new-tech products
|
4156
|
13.1
|
|
Of
which: State-owned
|
2572
|
14.4
|
|
Foreign-funded
|
7906
|
13.6
|
|
Others
|
3807
|
27.9
|
|
Imports
|
11331
|
18.5
|
|
Of
which: General trade
|
5727
|
33.6
|
|
Processing
trade
|
3784
|
2.7
|
|
Of
which: Mechanical and electronic products
|
5387
|
7.9
|
|
High & new-tech products
|
3419
|
4.3
|
|
Of
which: State-owned
|
3538
|
31.1
|
|
Foreign-funded
|
6200
|
10.8
|
|
Others
|
1593
|
25.7
|
|
Trade
surplus
|
2955
|
---
|
|
|
|
|
Table
8: Main Export Commodities in Volume and Value and the Growth Rates in
2008
|
Item
|
Unit
|
Volume
|
Increase
over 2007 (%)
|
Value
(100 million
USD)
|
Increase
over 2007 (%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Coal
|
10000
tons
|
4543
|
-14.6
|
52
|
58.9
|
|
Rolled
steel
|
10000
tons
|
5923
|
-5.5
|
634
|
43.8
|
|
Textile
yarns and textile articles
|
----
|
--
|
--
|
654
|
16.6
|
|
Clothes
and clothing accessories
|
----
|
--
|
--
|
1198
|
4.1
|
|
Footwear
|
----
|
--
|
--
|
297
|
17.2
|
|
Furniture
|
----
|
--
|
--
|
269
|
21.5
|
|
Automatic
data processing machines and components
|
10000
sets
|
143236
|
-1.2
|
1350
|
9.1
|
|
Handheld
mobiles and car telephones
|
10000
sets
|
|
